c tricks

C Program to Generate Numbers in Pyramid Pattern

Written by admin on 26 June 2010

This C program generates the numbers in pyramid pattern. It takes the input from two through nine and generates the numbers in the pyramid pattern. For example if the input is 4 then the program produces the following output

…

….1

1111112 2

111113 3 3

111.4 4 4 4 & so on..

CODE:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

{

int i,n,j,x=40,y=10;

clrscr();

printf(“Enter n (between 2 & 9)\n”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

{

gotoxy(x,y); /* To take the cursor to the co-ordinates x & y */

for(j=1;j<=i;j++)

{

printf(“%d “,i);

}

x=x-1;

y++;

}

getch();

}

This C program generates the numbers in pyramid pattern. It takes the input from two through nine and generates the numbers in the pyramid pattern. For example if the input is 4 then the program produces the following output :

….11111112 2111113 3 3 111.4 4 4 4 & so on..

CODE:

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int i,n,j,x=40,y=10;clrscr();printf(“Enter n (between 2 & 9)\n”);scanf(“%d”,&n);for(i=1;i<=n;i++){gotoxy(x,y); /* To take the cursor to the co-ordinates x & y */for(j=1;j<=i;j++){ printf(“%d “,i);}x=x-1;y++;}getch();}

LIfe Time Scope of Variables

Servlet Very Important questions

1.What is the Servlet?

 Ans :

A servlet is a Java technology-based Web component. Managed by a web server or Application    server (Tomcat, Weblogic, Glashifish..etc).

Servlet generates dynamic content and interacts with web clients(browsers) via a request and response programming model.

so we call servlets are server side components.

servlets are not designed for a specific protocols. But mostly it works on HTTP based protocol. Therefore, the word "servlet" is often used in the meaning of "HTTP Servlet".

2 : How many types of servlets are there?

Ans :

 Saying there are two types of servlet

1.GenericServlet

2.HttpServlet is always wrong answer.

There is a possibility of developing ‘n’ types of servlet like HTTP protocol base servlet, FTP protocol base  servlets, SMTP protocol base servlets etc.

Since all the web-servers & Application servers available in the market are coming as HTTP protocol based servers. so the programmer prefers to develop their servlets as HTTP servlets.

The javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet class is designed based on HTTP protocol Standards.

 3. How a servlet  is executing without main() method?

Ans.

If you give a java class directly to JVM/JRE for execution then JVM/JRE expects public static void main (strong args[]) to start the execution. But we are not giving our web application directly to the JVM/JRE. We are hosting our web application in web Container. This web container is already containing main(). So this main() will be execute.

Conclusion : web-server/web-container is also a java application that also contains main() method, so we no need to keep main() in our web application.

4 : What is the difference between GenericServlet and HttpServlet?

Ans :

GenericServlet	HttpServlet
Signature: public abstract class GenericServlet extends java.lang.Object implements Servlet, ServletConfig, java.io.Serializable	Signature: public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet implements java.io.Serializable
GenericServlet defines a generic, protocol-independent servlet.(for  any protocol like FTP, SMTP etc.)	HttpServlet defines a HTTP protocol specific servlet
In GenericServlets you cannot use Cookies or HttpSession, Session tracking is not possible is not possible.	These all are possible in HttpServlet .
Generic servlet overrides service method	Http servlets overrides doGet and doPost methods
To write a generic servlet, you need only override the abstract service method.	To write a http servlet, you need only override the any doXXX(-,-) or service(-,-) method.

5. Can I keep main() method in our servlet class?

Ans:

You can place but it never executes automatically .because it is not a life cycle method.

You can see main() method acting as helper method(normal method) to life cycle methods.

you can call this main() from any lifecycle method explicitly as a helper method.

6 : Can we write a default constructor for servlet ?

 Ans :

 Yes.But not recommended.

 Container by default calls the default constructor. If we don't write container will create default constructor.

7 :Can we place both parameterized and zero Argument constructor in my servlet?

Ans :

 Yes you can ,

  In a servlet class you can place parameterized constructor along with user-defined zero argument constructor but these parameterized constructors never executes.

8 :What is the difference between code placed in the constructor and code placed in the init() method?

 Ans :

To read init parameters of a servlet we need ServletConfig object. But this  ServletConfig object is created after the execution of constructor and before execution of init() method.

So code placed in the constructor cannot read init parameters because ServletConfig object is not available. But code placed in the init()  can read init parameters because ServletConfig object is available in the init().

9: For initializing a servlet can we use constructor in place of init ().

 Ans:

 No,  Because ServletConfig object is not available in constructor. 

(by using ServletConfig only we can read init-parameters from web.xml)

10. When servlet object will be created?

 Ans .

The web-container creates object for a servlet when one of the following situations occur

a. When servlet gets first request from the browser.

b. For first request given to servlet after restarting the server.

c. For first request given to servlet after restarting the web-application.

d. For first request given to servlet after reloading the web-application.

e. During server startup or when web-application is deployed. When<load-on-startup> is enabled.

11. When servlet object will be destroyed?

 Ans.

 The web-container destroys servlet object when one of the following situations occur.

a. When you shutdown the server

b. When server is crashed

c. When you stop the running web-application.

d. When web-application is reloaded.

f. When web-application is undeployed

f. When garbage collector destroys the servlet object.

12: How can we create deadlock condition on our servlet?

Ans:

 one simple way to call doPost() method inside doGet() and doGet()method inside doPost() it will create deadlock situation for a servlet. This is rather simple servlet interview questions but yet tricky if you don’t think of it.

13 : Who will create Servlet Object ?

 Ans :

 WebServer Or Application server

 Description :   Creating servlet object managing servlet object by calling life cycle methods, processing request & destroying servlet object is the responsibility of the underlying “web-server/application server”.

Programmer just writes the logic he wants to execute by taking the support of life cycle methods.

14. When request & response objects will be created in servlet?

 Ans.

 For every new request coming to servlet a separate request & response objects will be created by “web server” before executing the service() method these two objects are visible in the service() method once request related response goes to browser request,response objects of that HttpServlet will be destroyed.

 Note : If 100 requests are given to a servlet 100 pairs  of request & response objects will be created & will be destroyed at the end of request processing & response generation.

15 : how to develop our servlet as the best HttpServlet?

Ans :

Step 1: 

 Keep programmers initialization logic [like getting  DB  connection] by overriding public void init() method.

 If programmers initialization logic is placed by overriding public void init(servltconfig eg) make sure that you are calling super.init(eg) method from it .

 Step 2:

 Instead of placing request processing logic in the service() method it is recommended to place request processing logic by overriding  doxxx() methods like doGet(),doPost() method. Because these are developed based on HTTP protocol and provides error messages .

 Step 3:

Close All opened resources (Jdbc connections , File closing,network connections) in destroy

What are the different ways to create the object???

There are four different ways to create objects in java:

A. Using new keyword
This is the most common way to create an object in java. Almost 99% of objects are created in this way.

 MyObject object = new MyObject();

B. Using Class.forName()
If we know the name of the class & if it has a public default constructor we can create an object in this way.

MyObject object = (MyObject) Class.forName("subin.rnd.MyObject").newInstance();

C. Using clone()
The clone() can be used to create a copy of an existing object.

MyObject anotherObject = new MyObject();
MyObject object = (MyObject) anotherObject.clone();

D. Using object deserialization
Object deserialization is nothing but creating an object from its serialized form.

ObjectInputStream inStream = new ObjectInputStream(anInputStream );
MyObject object = (MyObject) inStream.readObject();